William Smead
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Investment Officer

Printable Version

Dear Fellow Investors:

moat/mōt/
Noun:   A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle, fort, or town, typically filled with water and intended as a defense against attack.

At Smead Capital Management our investment committee talks and thinks about the moat of a business a great deal. Based on the definition above, we believe that a wide moat is provided by the aspects of the company and their business which prevent competition from damaging highly sustainable profitability. Wide moat is one of our eight proprietary criteria for selecting common stocks. We have seen a number of organizations begin to include logic associated with moats into their equity research formats. Unfortunately, we believe many market participants confuse the by-products of a moat with the actual moat itself. We think this spells opportunity. Looking for stocks with a wide moat that are priced as if they don’t have one adds to the advantage of the long-duration common stock investor.

I read recently that after years of trying and millions of dollars invested, Google (GOOG) is considering folding Google Wallet and Google Checkout together. When it was announced five years ago, Google Checkout was thought by some to be a potential “PayPal killer”. PayPal appears to have successfully defeated one of the largest cash-rich, wide-moat companies in the world from getting into its secure, online payment castle. PayPal’s moat includes over 100 million existing customers, consumer brand recognition and nearly a decade of statistical information on transactions. Google has the same kind of moat in search that PayPal has in payments. The economic need that PayPal meets is identification privacy and ease of transaction facilitation. It’s a huge market and will grow tremendously in the next ten years. We believe as Google admits defeat, it will mean that the moat at PayPal is so strong that it can’t be overcome by massive financial resources and tech savvy. Google had both of those merits.

PayPal is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ebay (EBAY). Ebay has a wide moat in its core marketplace business. Ebay is one of the most recognized brands in the world and most of its advertising is free thanks to the lock it has on market share for pre-owned items. When an athletic milestone is reached, the ball or puck or jersey is expected to immediately be offered on Ebay. Sportswriter’s frequently mention this fact in their writing. When Michael Jackson dies, his memorabilia becomes an instant hit on Ebay. This moat makes the low-risk, high free-cash flow nature of Ebay’s original business nearly impregnable. After backing out the cash net of long term debt, Ebay trades for 11 to 12 times the 2012 consensus earnings estimate. It is very unusual to see a fast-growing, wide-moat business trade for anything short of a premium to the S&P 500 Index multiple.

The symptoms of a wide moat are things like high, sustainable profit margins, huge market share, pricing flexibility and long histories of these identifying characteristics. However, the symptoms are not the moat. The moat causes the symptoms. Walgreens (WAG) is one of the two largest drugstore companies in America. Their properties dominate the best locations in the US, their brand recognition is the highest in the industry, their real estate ties up very little of the company capital and they have decades of experience in customer needs and satisfaction. Their financial muscle puts them in position to buy Duane Reade and walk away from Express Scripts. A college buddy who did extensive research on the subject told me that one out of every two Americans will never get a prescription filled outside of the walls of a drugstore. Walgreens castle is being attacked by a disagreement over pricing with Express Scripts and their moat is very busy defending the company. We think it will succeed.

HR Block (HRB) has spent the last ten years fighting off the attacks of Jackson Hewitt and Liberty, two tax prep companies started by former HR Block employees. My favorite test for a moat is putting 100 people through a survey. You ask them, “What is the first thing that comes into your mind when the surveyor says tax preparation”? Almost everyone will say, “HR Block”. If the question was online payments, it’s PayPal. If it is, “where do I find pre-owned items, or sporting event tickets?” the answer is Ebay. If the question is, “who do I trust to entertain my children and spouse?” it is Disney/ESPN (DIS). If the topic is coffee the answer is Starbucks (SBUX), burgers it’s McDonalds (MCD), retail service and selection it’s Nordstrom (JWN). The moat in business is about deeply, rooted competitive advantages which business cycles can’t uproot. It is about a love affair between a company and an addicted customer base which grows as population grows.

Warren Buffett was asked by the Financial Crisis Commission what one single characteristic he looks for in a business. He referred to the stickiness of the customer and the company’s ability to raise prices without affecting unit sales. We feel the moat of the business is what protects the ongoing success of a business even when legitimate competition comes along. It is what is behind wonderful long-term profitability and high levels of free cash flow. Moat analysis is not about number crunching, it is about mind-space control and forces which block or kill competition.

Lastly, we at SCM are value investors. Something very difficult has usually had to happen to open the door for us to get a good entry price on common shares of a wide-moat company. Ironically, in many cases, the temporary reason for the disfavor actually increases the size of the wide moat. Big pharmaceutical companies have had the most hostile political, regulatory and legal environment in the industry’s history the last four years. Major drug stocks have seen blockbuster products lose their patent and the combination of the aforementioned forces have brought many drug stocks down to the lowest PE quintile (bottom 20%) in the S&P 500 index. Instead of doing permanent damage to companies like Merck (MRK), Pfizer (PFE) and Bristol Myers (BMY), these circumstances have increased the depth and width of their moat. It is estimated that a new drug costs over one billion dollars to create and bring to market. Nobody besides these large pharma giants can afford to fight the battle. This high original investment threshold has turned the biotech industry into mostly farm teams feeding the major leagues. Smaller drug and biotech firms do research for creating wonderful new health science and are forced to hand it off to someone with deep pockets and an international manufacturing and sales force. Now that companies like Merck and Amgen (AMGN) are having great success with new products, the naysayers can begin to recognize how incredibly well defended these companies are from competition going forward. We believe they have wide moats.

Best Wishes,

William Smead

The information contained in this missive represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Some of the securities identified and described in this missive are a sample of issuers being currently recommended for suitable clients as of the date of this missive and do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.

William Smead
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Investment Officer

Printable Version

Dear Fellow Investors:

Charlie Munger, the Vice Chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, has said many times that psychology is the most under-utilized discipline in business. He compares the business person or investor, who doesn’t have an inter-disciplinary set of “mental models” including psychology, to a one-legged person in a kick-boxing competition. We believe that those using low consumer confidence as a reason to be bearish about US large cap stocks and consumer discretionary stocks are equivalent to one-legged kick boxers.

At the website, The Big Picture, Barry Ritholtz shared his thoughts (Nov. 4, 2011) on the US employment numbers. We have respected the thoughts and research of his firm because they were early in understanding how damaging the housing bubble was going to be on the US economy. However, this time we believe that the trap that the market has laid for investors in the area of unemployment and consumer confidence is well set. We believe that a number of savvy analysts are not “seeing the forest for the trees” when it comes to understanding the history, psychology and the accounting of consumer behavior.

We at Smead Capital Management believe two things about consumer spending and consumer behavior in the US. First, the income statement of US households tells you more about future spending than consumer confidence does. Second, we believe Andy Grove’s professor at the City College of New York was right when he said, “When everyone knows that something is so, nobody knows nothing!” In other words, is there an investor left in the world who has not anticipated that it will be years before the US consumer makes a comeback? Consumer confidence is a neutral indicator most of the time and a valuable contrary indicator at extremes.

Let me unpack these two ideas. The Federal Reserve Board has maintained statistics on US households since 1980 measuring the percentage of gross household income required to service household debt. You can view these stats by going to www.federalreserve.gov/releases/housedebt/. There you will see that the real estate and borrowing bubble of the 2000’s allowed US households to get to ridiculously high ratios of household debt service (around 14% of income at the peak). This was markedly higher than previous peaks of 12.4% in prior cycles. You will also see that US households have made huge strides since late 2007. These statistics are lagged by three months or more, but you can see that by June 30th of 2011 the ratio had fallen to 11.09%. Assuming that this trend of austerity continues through the next 12 months, the US Household Debt Service Ratio could fall to the low levels of the early 1980’s deep recession at 10.6% and in the job-less recovery of the early 1990’s.

Think of it like this. Who is likely to spend money and do it more consistently, someone who’s in very good shape on their income statement that lacks confidence or someone who is up to their eye-balls in payments but brims with confidence? The unconfident households with room in their income statement will ultimately be part of what we call “pent up demand” for goods and services. The car wears out or the fridge needs replacing or the kids are going to get too old to want to go to Disneyland, so you breakdown and do it. You don’t have much confidence, but you can afford the expense.

These facts have been baffling to most stock market participants for nearly three years. In the world of the supposed “new normal”, why is everything happening pretty normally among US consumers who are providing great business to McDonald’s (MCD), Starbucks (SBUX) and Nordstrom (JWN)? We believe the record-setting low consumer confidence numbers of 2009-2011 and the continuing high levels of unemployment that The Big Picture speaks of have been the reason that the money management community has avoided the consumer discretionary category.

We looked at the correlations between consumer confidence and the stock market between 1977 and 1996. What we found was that there was almost zero correlation and it was a neutral. If you look at the period since 1996, consumer confidence was a valuable contrary signal at extremes and the correlation is significant. Stocks were to be avoided on high consumer confidence and the stock market lows have coincided with low consumer confidence.

Going back to Andy Grove’s professor, the logical thing that everyone knows is that US households have a great deal of debt to work off over the next ten years and the US government has a very large amount to deal with itself. Everyone has assumed that the consumer wouldn’t be able to lead a meaningful economic recovery until those debt levels come back in line from a historical standpoint. This has resulted in significant under-ownership by professional money managers and asset allocators in the consumer discretionary category. We believe that until the money management community capitulates and buys into the consumer sector that it will out-perform the S&P 500 Index. And we believe that the capitulation will come at dramatically higher consumer confidence levels and we are about as far away from those statistics in early November of 2011 as you can be!

Best Wishes,

William Smead

The information contained in this missive represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Some of the securities identified and described in this missive are a sample of issuers being currently recommended for suitable clients as of the date of this missive and do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.

William Smead
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Investment Officer

Printable Version

Dear Fellow Investors:

In a Gallup Poll last week, 75 percent of Americans said the nation’s biggest problem in their mind was an economic problem. Precious metals and most commodities have hit records in the last six months. At an institutional investor conference we presented to last week, the participants championed risk reduction strategies using either highly illiquid, risky private equity, emerging market equity and debt offerings. Or they bragged about loading up on a commodity index, commodity ETFs and/or gold and silver. Some were puffed up about diversifying away from China by pursuing “Frontier” stock markets in Pakistan, Indonesia and other unsavory places. The pinnacle was my nephew telling me that he had purchased five ounces of silver recently at $50/ounce. He’s 19 and it was his first attempt at speculative risk.

We at Smead Capital Management feel compelled to make a US stock market bullish case which feels as good to this writer as avoiding tech stocks did in late 1999. It is so lonely that it is divine. Andy Grove, former Intel CEO, said that the best advice he ever got came from his City College of New York professor. He said, “When everyone knows that something is so, it means that nobody knows nothin’.” John Maynard Keynes said, “Investing is the one sphere of life and activity where victory, security and success is always to the minority and never to the majority.” We have travelled the country over the last two years, spoken at CFA Societies, presented to numerous institutional, consulting, RIA and financial advisor organizations. We believe the majority has put their assets into investments that will provide defeat, insecurity and failure. Out of this knowledge comes a very optimistic bull case which is available to those who have the courage to look foolish in the short run and avoid today’s popular asset allocation.

Large cap growth stocks received the highest PE ratios in US history in the late 1990′s as the world crowded into the 25 most popular tech stocks. As large cap fund managers got deluged with money pulled from every other asset class, they attempted to reduce risk by bloating the PE ratios of large-cap growth names like Pfizer, Merck, Colgate and Clorox. At 40-50 times earnings and with the majority piled in for the ride, these mature company stocks were doomed for 10 years. Other asset classes were starved for capital and you could have thrown darts at them back then. Only a small minority had the courage to flee the crowd and widely diversify into other asset classes. Harvard’s endowment did, as did Warren Buffett. He stopped buying individual US stocks and sought to protect his capital by buying whole businesses and removing his large capital base from the judgment of public markets.

The investments which were wise in 1999 and were owned only by the small minority of investors, brought victory, security and success. Unfortunately, it is 12 years later, and the same asset allocation that was wise in 1999 is now the majority, and is unwise today. These trades are so crowded that it has reached the deserts of Africa, the jungles of Indonesia and the Westfield Mall near my hometown of Washougal, Washington. To understand the bull case, you need first to believe that today’s popular asset classes are doomed to ten years of misery and those companies, sectors and countries which benefit from their misery could produce immense relative and solid absolute performance.

I am very fortunate to have been taught by my Econ professor that economics is a lot like physics. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. What will happen to make emerging markets, precious metals, oil, farm commodities, natural resource based countries, and US stocks in the energy, basic materials and heavy industrial areas turn incredibly sour? Lipper reported last week that April 2011 was the 23rd consecutive month of net liquidation of US equity mutual funds. This occurred in one of the biggest up moves in 23 months in US stock market history. What could reverse the direction of these flows?

The linchpin of the bull case is the violent economic contraction about to occur in China. We will not bore you with a rehash of prior missives, but let it be said that they have deceived investors into massively over-capitalizing these popular asset classes. China’s growth is behind all the over-confidence in every market I’ve mentioned. When the fact that China is hitting the wall becomes more clear, wide asset allocators who don’t take what I’ve written seriously will sit for ten years in misery, in our opinion.

Out of this comes the bull case. The US economy has spent four years cleansing itself. We’ve recapitalized our banking system by recognizing over $1 trillion in losses. We are foreclosing and short selling billions of dollars of real estate. Housing is the most affordable in 60 years. We are learning to live inside our means and US households are close to Household Debt Service Ratios similar to 1982 and 1992. These were the start of five-year prosperity periods where the Gallup Polls showed numbers like they are today. We are in control of the keys to the virtual reality economy and have all the best companies who are helping us to maximize interactions between the virtual and real economy. Think Ebay/PayPal, Apple, Facebook, Linkedin, Groupon, Fedex, UPS, Amazon, etc. We feed the world, keep it secure, invent a large part of the best medical science and share productivity/higher living standards with anyone who wants to interact honestly with us. Our greatest days are ahead of us.

We are all frustrated by how long this cleansing is taking. What will trigger our next great prosperity period is a collapse in commodity prices and a reversal of all the misery which asset allocators are set to profit from, but missed by ten years ago. Less money leaving to pay for oil and the repatriation of emerging market money will set off a bull market in the American dollar, in our opinion. The rising confidence will force short-term interest rates up. Businesses will be rewarded for how they participate in our bright future and how well the business throws off free cash flow. Capital intensive industries and countries will see profit margins plunge as they are in no position to produce free cash flow unless commodities are soaring and China is building projects which have no rental income!

We are playing the bull case by over-weighting consumer discretionary powerhouses like Disney, Nordstrom and Cabela’s, domestic financial heavy weights like Franklin Resources, Wells Fargo and Berkshire Hathaway and over-weighting the geniuses of medical science like Merck, Amgen and Mylan Labs. We at SCM can’t wait to get to the future because we are in a lonely minority and making the bull case nobody wants to even admit to.

Best Wishes,

William Smead

The information contained in this missive represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Some of the securities identified and described in this missive are a sample of issuers being currently recommended for suitable clients as of the date of this missive and do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.

William Smead
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Investment Officer

Printable Version

 Dear Fellow Investors:

Early in my career I studied the investment philosophy of the most successful and admired investors like John Templeton and Peter Lynch. Both men had great long-term track records in portfolio management. John Templeton’s concept of buying common stocks at the “point of maximum pessimism” usually marks the only time you can buy a superior publicly traded business at a deeply discounted price. From Peter Lynch we got the common sense idea of observing what is going on around us to look for ideas. I’m fond of taking pictures of the lines at Starbucks or noticing three days before Christmas that Nordstrom had sold out of Gucci “Guilty”. Owning a company that meets our proprietary eight criteria and holding it for many years was also an idea Peter Lynch popularized. Doing so requires something about the company which stops it from gaining maniacal popularity, one of our sell criteria. We’d like to explain how Ebay fits Peter Lynch’s two ideas.

Internet commerce is in its early years, but any alert business person can see that there is mass adoption of PayPal. They currently have a 15% market share of internet transactions. Last year, our marketing director, Cole, commented that American Airlines has the fact that they accept PayPal on the back of their boarding pass. I used my I-phone Starbucks app yesterday to pay for my iced tea and many folks refill their Starbucks card with PayPal. The growth in PayPal probably keeps the top executives of Visa and Mastercard awake at night. Numerous other parts of Ebay’s stable of companies are seeing very fast growth and could be observed by Mr. Lynch.

To understand why Ebay won’t get a maniacal stock price, you have to understand their original business. Ebay Marketplace is the New York Stock Exchange of pre-owned goods. It also is a home for numerous “power sellers” of new and refurbished goods. It is a retailing entity which pays no rent and carries zero inventories. It is like the NYSE in that they really don’t care what the hot selling item is, as long as someone has a hot selling item on their system. This business produces massive free cash flow, but is a niche business and is probably not in a position to dominate internet retail sales growth and market share, in our opinion.

Ebay reported earnings on January 20, 2011 and pleasantly surprised the Wall Street analyst community. However, numerous analysts and news reports framed the earnings release in a very negative light even though operating earnings grew 24%. They say that since internet retail sales grew by 12% in 2010’s fourth quarter, Ebay is somewhat of a failure by only growing gross merchandise value (GMV) by 6%. I don’t remember folks criticizing Berkshire Hathaway for the slow growth in its insurance businesses, which provided Warren Buffett the float to invest in other businesses and stocks like Coca Cola, Wells Fargo, Burlington Northern and Gillette.

One of the stocks that Peter Lynch invested in to build his successful track record at the Fidelity Magellan Fund was Phillip Morris. It was the largest tobacco company in the US and was using its massive free cash flow to become a major player in the food business in the 1980’s and early 1990’s. No matter how well the earnings, cash flow and dividends grew, the stock never got an inflated price-to-earnings ratio (PE). Philip Morris was being sued by the families of smokers. Who wants to own shares in a company which is getting sued constantly? It stayed reasonable for decades and made its common stock owners wealthy in the process. From 1972 to 2001 it produced a 17.8% average annual gain for its common stock holders who stayed for the entire 30-year stretch.

Ebay has about $5 per share in cash and is expected to have operating earnings of $1.90-1.95 this year. When you back the cash out of today’s price of around $30 per share, you get $25 per share. This means that a company (PayPal), which is growing at 20% per year in sales and could be one of the most exciting businesses in the world is hiding inside a company with a 13 PE multiple. We think Peter Lynch could be smiling.

Best Wishes,

William Smead

The information contained in this missive represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Some of the securities identified and described in this missive are a sample of issuers being currently recommended for suitable clients as of the date of this missive and do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.

William Smead
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Investment Officer

Printable Version

Dear Fellow Investors:

When the first President Bush failed to get re-elected in 1992, many considered his lack of a vision or agenda for the country to be his primary downfall. It seemed he wanted to be the custodian of the country as opposed to a leader who had a place he wanted to take the USA as a country. Voters like a vision from their political leaders, no matter whether the vision is tilted from the left or the right.

We at Smead Capital Management think about “the vision thing” as it pertains to the companies which meet our eight criteria for stock selection. Over long periods of time, it makes an enormous difference if you are invested in companies that have a clear agenda. It is a key component of our shareholder friendliness criteria. The CEO and executive team are seeking to make the vision happen by using the free cash flow of the company judiciously and in a very focused way. Any free cash flow not needed in executing the vision is then returned to shareholders through dividends and stock buybacks.

The current stock market correction is a perfect time to examine the behavior of the leaders of our companies. We will focus on three of our current holdings, Starbucks (SBUX), Nordstrom (JWN) and Abbott Labs (ABT). Starbucks had a small group of portfolio managers, which included us, into their headquarters recently for a morning meeting with CEO Howard Schultz and CFO Troy Alstead. Their vision for the company and its growth looks to be on three fronts. First, they will grow the store count around the world thoughtfully, and simultaneously seek to grow revenues in older markets like the United States. Howard pointed out that the company only has 700 stores in China. This compares to three in our company’s building in Seattle and 150 locations on the Island of Manhattan. A dramatic slowdown in the Chinese economy would not affect their vision.

Second, Starbucks is making a big push into the middle of the gourmet coffee market through its Seattle’s Best Coffee brand. Burger King, Subway, convenience stores and vending machines will be the sales locations added. Howard pointed out that Coke is sold at various price points everywhere from vending machines at Motel 6 to the cocktail lounges at the Four Seasons Hotels. Third, Starbucks is seeking to become a big player in instant coffee and grocery outlets through the VIA instant coffee. Why not have better tasting coffee at home and gain a larger share of cups consumed each day? Starbucks intends to execute this vision while paying stockholders 35% to 40% of the after-tax profits in the form of dividends. Overall, you couldn’t leave the meeting without being excited about the future of Starbucks.

While we met with Starbucks, I asked Howard Schultz and Troy Alstead if they realized how similar their vision and strategy looked to the one being executed at Nordstrom. Nordstrom is selling premium products with maximum service at their flagship stores. They are enticing fashion conscious discount shoppers to their Nordstrom Rack stores. These bargain hunters get great brands and aren’t coddled quite as much as at the premium level. Lastly, Nordstrom meets your shopping needs at home through its Nordstroms.com online store. Once again, three fronts to their vision as well. Nordstrom raised its dividend 25% last week. It was recently on the front of the New York Times Business section and the author was raving about their first Nordstrom Rack store in Manhattan. Both of these premier brand name companies look attractive, especially after the recent pullback in the US stock market.

Abbott Labs was one of the companies featured in Jim Collins book, “Good to Great”. They announced last week that they are paying $3.7 billion to buy the largest maker of medicine in India. We have argued that the demand for medicine (vaccines, treatments and cures) in both the developing and developed nations would grow as prosperity reached emerging markets and aging populations added demand in countries like the United States. Abbott Labs is one of many strong pharmaceutical companies which have been completely neglected in the stock market the last two years. All this growth comes with regular stock buybacks and consistently good dividend growth. Medicine makers are the smallest percentage of the S&P 500 Index they have been since 1984. We at SCM have a vision of that changing over the next two to three years and have added to our medicine companies including Abbott Labs.

While most stock market participants worry about the short-term direction of stocks, we will keep our eye on “the vision thing”.

Best Wishes,

William Smead

The information contained in this missive represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Some of the securities identified and described in this missive are a sample of issuers being currently recommended for suitable clients as of the date of this missive and do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.