William Smead
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Investment Officer

Printable Version

Dear Fellow Investors:

moat/mōt/
Noun:   A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle, fort, or town, typically filled with water and intended as a defense against attack.

At Smead Capital Management our investment committee talks and thinks about the moat of a business a great deal. Based on the definition above, we believe that a wide moat is provided by the aspects of the company and their business which prevent competition from damaging highly sustainable profitability. Wide moat is one of our eight proprietary criteria for selecting common stocks. We have seen a number of organizations begin to include logic associated with moats into their equity research formats. Unfortunately, we believe many market participants confuse the by-products of a moat with the actual moat itself. We think this spells opportunity. Looking for stocks with a wide moat that are priced as if they don’t have one adds to the advantage of the long-duration common stock investor.

I read recently that after years of trying and millions of dollars invested, Google (GOOG) is considering folding Google Wallet and Google Checkout together. When it was announced five years ago, Google Checkout was thought by some to be a potential “PayPal killer”. PayPal appears to have successfully defeated one of the largest cash-rich, wide-moat companies in the world from getting into its secure, online payment castle. PayPal’s moat includes over 100 million existing customers, consumer brand recognition and nearly a decade of statistical information on transactions. Google has the same kind of moat in search that PayPal has in payments. The economic need that PayPal meets is identification privacy and ease of transaction facilitation. It’s a huge market and will grow tremendously in the next ten years. We believe as Google admits defeat, it will mean that the moat at PayPal is so strong that it can’t be overcome by massive financial resources and tech savvy. Google had both of those merits.

PayPal is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ebay (EBAY). Ebay has a wide moat in its core marketplace business. Ebay is one of the most recognized brands in the world and most of its advertising is free thanks to the lock it has on market share for pre-owned items. When an athletic milestone is reached, the ball or puck or jersey is expected to immediately be offered on Ebay. Sportswriter’s frequently mention this fact in their writing. When Michael Jackson dies, his memorabilia becomes an instant hit on Ebay. This moat makes the low-risk, high free-cash flow nature of Ebay’s original business nearly impregnable. After backing out the cash net of long term debt, Ebay trades for 11 to 12 times the 2012 consensus earnings estimate. It is very unusual to see a fast-growing, wide-moat business trade for anything short of a premium to the S&P 500 Index multiple.

The symptoms of a wide moat are things like high, sustainable profit margins, huge market share, pricing flexibility and long histories of these identifying characteristics. However, the symptoms are not the moat. The moat causes the symptoms. Walgreens (WAG) is one of the two largest drugstore companies in America. Their properties dominate the best locations in the US, their brand recognition is the highest in the industry, their real estate ties up very little of the company capital and they have decades of experience in customer needs and satisfaction. Their financial muscle puts them in position to buy Duane Reade and walk away from Express Scripts. A college buddy who did extensive research on the subject told me that one out of every two Americans will never get a prescription filled outside of the walls of a drugstore. Walgreens castle is being attacked by a disagreement over pricing with Express Scripts and their moat is very busy defending the company. We think it will succeed.

HR Block (HRB) has spent the last ten years fighting off the attacks of Jackson Hewitt and Liberty, two tax prep companies started by former HR Block employees. My favorite test for a moat is putting 100 people through a survey. You ask them, “What is the first thing that comes into your mind when the surveyor says tax preparation”? Almost everyone will say, “HR Block”. If the question was online payments, it’s PayPal. If it is, “where do I find pre-owned items, or sporting event tickets?” the answer is Ebay. If the question is, “who do I trust to entertain my children and spouse?” it is Disney/ESPN (DIS). If the topic is coffee the answer is Starbucks (SBUX), burgers it’s McDonalds (MCD), retail service and selection it’s Nordstrom (JWN). The moat in business is about deeply, rooted competitive advantages which business cycles can’t uproot. It is about a love affair between a company and an addicted customer base which grows as population grows.

Warren Buffett was asked by the Financial Crisis Commission what one single characteristic he looks for in a business. He referred to the stickiness of the customer and the company’s ability to raise prices without affecting unit sales. We feel the moat of the business is what protects the ongoing success of a business even when legitimate competition comes along. It is what is behind wonderful long-term profitability and high levels of free cash flow. Moat analysis is not about number crunching, it is about mind-space control and forces which block or kill competition.

Lastly, we at SCM are value investors. Something very difficult has usually had to happen to open the door for us to get a good entry price on common shares of a wide-moat company. Ironically, in many cases, the temporary reason for the disfavor actually increases the size of the wide moat. Big pharmaceutical companies have had the most hostile political, regulatory and legal environment in the industry’s history the last four years. Major drug stocks have seen blockbuster products lose their patent and the combination of the aforementioned forces have brought many drug stocks down to the lowest PE quintile (bottom 20%) in the S&P 500 index. Instead of doing permanent damage to companies like Merck (MRK), Pfizer (PFE) and Bristol Myers (BMY), these circumstances have increased the depth and width of their moat. It is estimated that a new drug costs over one billion dollars to create and bring to market. Nobody besides these large pharma giants can afford to fight the battle. This high original investment threshold has turned the biotech industry into mostly farm teams feeding the major leagues. Smaller drug and biotech firms do research for creating wonderful new health science and are forced to hand it off to someone with deep pockets and an international manufacturing and sales force. Now that companies like Merck and Amgen (AMGN) are having great success with new products, the naysayers can begin to recognize how incredibly well defended these companies are from competition going forward. We believe they have wide moats.

Best Wishes,

William Smead

The information contained in this missive represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Some of the securities identified and described in this missive are a sample of issuers being currently recommended for suitable clients as of the date of this missive and do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.

William Smead
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Investment Officer

Printable Version

Dear Fellow Investors:

In his new book “Great by Choice”, Jim Collins talks about the discipline that the companies which performed the best over the last thirty years had exhibited. He used comparisons between companies in various industries. In property casualty insurance, he compared Progressive to Safeco. The watershed moment when the success of the two companies parted was in the late 1980′s and early 1990′s. Prior to that time both companies ran underwriting profits each year. This meant that they paid out less than 100% of the premiums collected. Unfortunately, for the shareholders of Safeco, the high interest rates of the 1980′s and the favorably stock price increases of the 1980′s and 1990′s lured them into allowing investment returns to override underwriting discipline. When interest rates became historically low and stock market returns gravitated to the mean, Progressive’s underwriting profit left Safeco in the dust.

What triggered our thoughts here was a blog I read at Barron’s online last week. It said that a Credit Suisse analyst was recommending that investors swap out of Walgreens (WAG) into Rite Aid (RAD). The reason for the negative view of Walgreens on the part of the analyst was his expectation of only a 25% likelihood that Walgreens will settle their dispute over pricing with Express Scripts. Walgreens would have lower revenue and profits in the near future if they lose the Express Scripts revenue. Walgreens has already told analysts that it could cost them as much as $.21 of their 2012 earnings per share (EPS). We at Smead Capital Management believe that the weakness in Walgreens stock created by the uncertainty associated with the Express Scripts negotiation and separation has created a wonderful buying opportunity.

Collins focused on the companies which overcame unforeseen economic and business problems and returned a 10-fold increase in stock price. He calls them 10x companies. His work is done looking backward, while our work is done looking forward. Progressive didn’t earn as much in the years when investment markets provided high returns, but they prospered in the 2000′s when investment returns were problematic at best. They gave up some income in the short run to be a 10x company in the long run.

Why would Walgreens walk away from billions in revenue from Express Scripts? For the same reason that Progressive did. At the pricing levels dictated by Express Scripts, Walgreens would produce meager margins on that part of its business (3-5 percent of revenue) and drag down return on equity. Their stock has already fallen from the mid 40′s to the low 30′s. According to our calculations of intrinsic value based on multiple current earnings possibilities, Walgreens trades at a 33-50% discount to its intrinsic value. Walgreens stock has risen from around $4.17 twenty years ago and pays an $.80 dividend to those fortunate enough to have held on. It meets all eight of our proprietary criteria and is a stellar corporate citizen.

Which brings me to the lunacy of recommending a sale of Walgreens in exchange for Rite Aid. Rite Aid is a small-cap company with a deeply checkered past and porous balance sheet. Trading Walgreens at these prices for Rite Aid would be like swapping a new Lexus for an over-sized ten-year old gas guzzler, box seats for the nose bleed section or Kate Middleton for a troubled Hollywood Starlet! Rite Aid has accounting problems and a consistent history of shareholder unfriendliness. It might go up, but it should not be included in the same conversation. We believe that Walgreens is going to be “Great by Choice”.

Best Wishes,

William Smead

The information contained in this missive represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Some of the securities identified and described in this missive are a sample of issuers being currently recommended for suitable clients as of the date of this missive and do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.

Walgreen balks, walks away from Express Scripts
by Jessica Wohl and Phil Wahba
For more information go to www.reuters.com.

The information contained in this article represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The securities identified and described in this article do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.

Walgreen profit weaker than expected
by Ben Klayman
For more information go to www.reuters.com.

The information contained in this article represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. The securities identified and described in this article do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.

William Smead
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Investment Officer

Printable Version
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Dear Fellow Investors:

I’ve seen West Virginia’s Men’s Basketball team play four times in the last two weeks. The first time was live at the Big East Tournament and the last three in the NCAA Tourney on TV. Close observance of them has helped us at Smead Capital Management to be even more excited about our investment discipline.

West Virginia has quality players. These players are molded into a team by a hard driving coach, Bob Huggins. But what got them to the final four is that they run their offense. They not only run it, but they actually set the screens that are required. I have been a rabid basketball fan for over forty years and can’t remember better picks being set. They are wearing out the other teams physically and getting much easier shots in the process.

To us at SCM, this speaks to the fundamentals of successful investing. Buy quality common stocks and do it inside your circle of competency. Let the businesses operate for years, executing the kind of business plans which can be built on for decades. Do it in businesses which sell products and services again and again and again.

Setting a good screen is 90 per cent effort and 10 per cent talent. Finding a coach and players willing to do it is unusual, but could be done by anyone truly committed.

Think of companies we own like Starbucks, Disney, McDonalds and Walgreens. They provide products and services in the same clean and consistent way all over the US and around the world. They wear out the competition through branding, balance sheet strength and scale in the same way the Mountaineers have done through well-placed screens and consistent defense in this tournament. We at SCM like those kind of fundamentals on our side.

Best Wishes,

William Smead

The information contained in this missive represents SCM’s opinions, and should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Some of the securities identified and described in this missive are a sample of issuers being currently recommended for suitable clients as of the date of this missive and do not represent all of the securities purchased or recommended for our clients. It should not be assumed that investing in these securities was or will be profitable. A list of all recommendations made by Smead Capital Management with in the past twelve month period is available upon request.